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Primary care screening

Last updated March 2025
Last updated March 2025

Tags:Real-world dataPrimary careRetinal photoNW400NW500SIGNALDiabetic retinopathy

This dataset comprises color fundus photography of hundreds of thousands of individuals with diabetes undergoing eye disease screening in primary care settings. Each eye is graded by an eye care specialist for image quality and eye disease. This single-visit dataset provides a broad snapshot of screening outcomes in primary care, which can be useful for development and validation of screening algorithms.

643

Locations

146K

Subjects

291K

Eyes

386K

Images

REQUEST DATASETS

Data dictionary

Subject data

ItemDescriptionUnits
Subject IdentifierAnonymized patient identifier
Visit IdentifierAnonymized visit identifier
EyeRight (R) or Left (L)  
QualityImage quality graded by a single expert. Grades include 'Excellent', 'Fair', 'Good', 'Unreadable', 'NULL'
AgeAge at visityears
GenderMale (M) /Female (F) / Other (O) / NULL
CameraRetinal camera used to capture image (NULL if no image was taken for the eye)
NDRPNo diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Mild NPDRMild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Moderate NPDRModerate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Severe NPDRSevere non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Proliferative DRProliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Diabetic Macular EdemaDiabetic macular edema, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Choroidal NevusChoroidal nevus, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken) 
Cotton Wool SpotsCotton wool spots, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Drusen Pigmentary ChangesDrusen or pigmentary changes, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
ERMEpiretinal membrane, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Glaucoma SuspectGlaucoma suspect, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Increased CD RatioIncreased cup-to-disc ratio, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Macular DegenerationMacular degeneration, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
Vascular TortuosityVascular tortuosity, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)
OtherOther findings, given as free text
Follow Up RecommendationNeeds ReScreen / No Referral Needed / Referral to Eye Care Specialist / NULL
UrgencyNORMAL / URGENT / NOT_SET Normal / Urgent / Not set
PCP OrganizationAnonymized PCP organization identifier
ZIP codeZIP code for PCP organization (first 3 digits only)
Report NameReport form used to record findings
Report VersionVersion of report form used to record findings

Color fundus photography analysis

AutoMorph (Zhou et al. 2022)

ItemDescriptionUnits
Image QualitySoftmax and overall prediction of quality (good, usable, bad)
Crop InformationCrop information and scale resolution
Disc FeaturesDisc height, disc width, cup height, cup width, vertical CD ratio, horizontal CD ratioµm, ratio
Vessel FeaturesFractal dimension, vessel density, average width, tortuosity (distance, square curved, density). Given for all vessels, arteries, and veins, and whole image, Zone B, Zone Cunitless, ratio, pixels, µm

Retina Pigmentation Score (Rajesh et al. 2025)

ItemDescriptionUnits
CIELAB vectorsL, a, b vectors in CIELAB spaceunitless
PigmentationRetinal pigmentation scoreunitless

Data dictionary

Subject data

Subject Identifier

Anonymized patient identifier

Visit Identifier

Anonymized visit identifier

Eye

Right (R) or Left (L)  

Quality

Image quality graded by a single expert. Grades include 'Excellent', 'Fair', 'Good', 'Unreadable', 'NULL'

Age

Age at visit

years

Gender

Male (M) /Female (F) / Other (O) / NULL

Camera

Retinal camera used to capture image (NULL if no image was taken for the eye)

NDRP

No diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Mild NPDR

Mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Moderate NPDR

Moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Severe NPDR

Severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Proliferative DR

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Diabetic Macular Edema

Diabetic macular edema, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Choroidal Nevus

Choroidal nevus, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken) 

Cotton Wool Spots

Cotton wool spots, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Drusen Pigmentary Changes

Drusen or pigmentary changes, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

ERM

Epiretinal membrane, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Glaucoma Suspect

Glaucoma suspect, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Increased CD Ratio

Increased cup-to-disc ratio, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Vascular Tortuosity

Vascular tortuosity, 1 = present, 0 = absent, -1 = unknown (e.g. unreadable image, or no image taken)

Other

Other findings, given as free text

Follow Up Recommendation

Needs ReScreen / No Referral Needed / Referral to Eye Care Specialist / NULL

Urgency

NORMAL / URGENT / NOT_SET Normal / Urgent / Not set

PCP Organization

Anonymized PCP organization identifier

ZIP code

ZIP code for PCP organization (first 3 digits only)

Report Name

Report form used to record findings

Report Version

Version of report form used to record findings

Color fundus photography analysis

AutoMorph (Zhou et al. 2022)

Image Quality

Softmax and overall prediction of quality (good, usable, bad)

Crop Information

Crop information and scale resolution

Disc Features

Disc height, disc width, cup height, cup width, vertical CD ratio, horizontal CD ratio

µm, ratio

Vessel Features

Fractal dimension, vessel density, average width, tortuosity (distance, square curved, density). Given for all vessels, arteries, and veins, and whole image, Zone B, Zone C

unitless, ratio, pixels, µm

Retina Pigmentation Score (Rajesh et al. 2025)

CIELAB vectors

L, a, b vectors in CIELAB space

unitless

Pigmentation

Retinal pigmentation score

unitless