| Physical layer | Physical security by Microsoft for Azure data centers. |
| Data link layer | Logical segmentation, Network Security Groups (NSGs) for resource isolation and filtering, security monitoring for unauthorized access. |
| Network layer | Azure firewalls, virtual network segmentation, and traffic monitoring. |
| Transport layer | Role-based access control (RBAC), encryption in transit, firewall-based filtering, monitoring for suspicious traffic. |
| Session layer | Single sign-on (SSO), Multi-factor authentication (MFA), session timeouts, and monitoring for unauthorized access. |
| Presentation layer | RBAC, key-based encryption for data at rest, TLS for in-transit encryption, and monitoring. |
| Application layer | RBAC, Azure Firewall (L7), PaaS firewalls, Databricks dedicated workspaces and access control (SSO, MFA), virtual network segmentation, with monitoring for application-level threats. |